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AS6081 outlines guidelines for the avoidance, detection, mitigation, and disposition of fraudulent and counterfeit electronic parts by distributors. It standardizes practices and requirements for companies dealing with Electrical, Electronic, and Electromechanical (EEE) parts procured from the open market, including excess and returned purchases.
Requirements According to SAE AS6081:
Quality Management System: The organization must hold certification to a recognized quality management system standard, such as ISO 9001, SAE AS9120, or equivalent, from a duly accredited Certification Body.
Fraudulent/Counterfeit Parts Mitigation Policy: Executive management must establish and document policies to prevent acquiring, accepting, and distributing fraudulent or counterfeit parts. Policies regarding the handling and reporting suspect or confirmed counterfeit parts must also be clearly outlined.
Fraudulent/Counterfeit Electronic-Parts Control Plan: A comprehensive control plan must be developed and implemented, detailing processes for risk mitigation, disposition, and reporting of fraudulent or counterfeit parts.
Customer-Related Contract Review, Agreement, and Execution: Documented procedures must govern the review, agreement, and execution of contractual obligations to minimize the risk of dealing with fraudulent or counterfeit parts. This includes timely notification to customers if commitments cannot be met, disclosure of supply sources, and provision of warranties.
Supplier Approval and Source Selection: Potential suppliers must be assessed for the risk of providing fraudulent or counterfeit parts, and a register of approved suppliers must be maintained.
Purchase Order Requirement: Contracts must include provisions establishing controls for avoiding fraudulent or counterfeit parts.
Supply Chain Traceability: Processes must ensure records retention, providing supply chain traceability whenever possible.
Preservation of Product: Procedures must be in place to preserve product integrity during internal processing, handling, packaging, storage, and transportation to maintain conformity to requirements.
Verification of Purchased Product: Products must be verified by defined standards.
Control of Nonconforming Products: Nonconforming products must be identified, segregated, and controlled to prevent unintended use or delivery. Documented procedures must define controls and responsibilities for dealing with such products.
Material Control: Processes must not alter or tamper with the original manufacturer’s labeling. Excess and nonconforming parts must be controlled, and fraudulent or counterfeit parts must be prevented from re-entering the supply chain.
Reporting: Any suspect, fraudulent, or confirmed counterfeit parts must be reported to internal stakeholders, customers, and relevant government authorities within 60 days of identification.
Personnel Training: Employees handling electronic parts must be trained to detect suspect, fraudulent, or counterfeit parts.
Internal Audit: Regular internal audits must be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the quality management system.
SAE AS6496 Requirements:
Counterfeit Mitigation Policy: The organization’s top management must establish and document a policy to prevent the purchase, acceptance, and distribution of fraudulent or counterfeit parts.
Counterfeit Electronic Parts Control Plan: The organization must create and implement a plan for controlling counterfeit electronic parts. This plan should outline processes for risk mitigation, disposition, and reporting of suspected and confirmed counterfeit parts.
Customer-related Processes: The organization must inform customers in writing at the time of quotation if authorization is lacking for the quoted items. The customer must be notified if authorization is terminated before fulfilling a customer contract.
Register of Suppliers: The organization must maintain a register of suppliers detailing their authorization status, approval status, and the scope of approval. Parts for resale must be purchased only from the manufacturer or the manufacturer’s authorized distributor where the organization is authorized.
Military Parts: Military parts delivered by the organization must be accompanied by the manufacturer’s certification and the organization’s certificate of conformance, typically included on the organization’s pack list, in compliance with applicable military standards (e.g., QML/QPL).
Control of Suspect, Fraudulent, and Confirmed Counterfeit Parts: The organization’s plan for controlling counterfeit electronics must include a process to assess and minimize the risk of potential counterfeit products infiltrating their inventory.
Training: Relevant employees must receive training on counterfeit awareness, including detection and mitigation.
Scrap Control in Authorized Distribution: The organization must maintain scrap control in accordance with its Quality Management System (QMS) procedures, as the source of some counterfeits may be material scrapped by entities in the supply chain.
Inventory Control Plan: An inventory control system must be in place to ensure the traceability of customer-returned parts. Records must be maintained in accordance with the organization’s retention policy.
Reporting: All counterfeit part occurrences must be reported internally to affected customers, relevant authorities, and government reporting organizations (e.g., GIDEP). External reporting should include the manufacturer’s response if provided.
Audits: The organization’s internal audit program, mandated by its QMS, must include periodic internal audits to assess compliance with AS6496 requirements and should be subject to third-party QMS audits.
This document standardizes requirements, practices, and methods for testing EEE parts and detecting Suspect/ Counterfeit parts to ensure consistency across the supply chain for test requirements.
SAE AS6171 REQUIREMENTS
Risk Assessment: The purpose of risk assessment is to determine the recommended level of testing to manage the risk associated with using a part procured through an unauthorized supplier.
Test Sequence Overview:Â The risk assessment models established a tier-level methodology based on a risk assessment utilizing a risk analysis of the product, component, supplier, and other adjustment factors and an evaluation of test coverage based on the known counterfeit defect types from the different test methods in the standard.
Testing Requirements and Minimum Tier Level Testing: If a User organization with a Cognizant Engineer requires a higher tier level of testing than has already been performed on the same lot of parts, only the additional testing is to be performed.
Suspect/Counterfeit (SC) Part Detection Sequence: The SC Parts Detection Sequence has been established based on inspection and testing of parts. First, the least costly inspections that are most effective and most accessible to perform are selected. Then the results of previous testing are built upon in accordance with the sequence to build confidence in the results.
Sampling Plan: The sampling plan is derived from the General Specification for Microcircuits, MIL-PRF-38535. No indications that the part is suspect counterfeit are allowed. If such an indication is detected and a part is determined to be a suspect/counterfeit part, then this part is considered to have failed the test, and the testing of the lot shall be halted. Upon notification, the Requester will have the option to resume testing.
Test Plan: When required by the Requester: The Test Laboratory shall generate a Test Plan to document how it plans to implement the requested SOW and/or PO. Before initiating testing, a device-specific Test Plan should be agreed upon between the Requester and Test Lab.
Analysis and Interpretation of Test Results: The test Laboratory analyzes the test results to prepare the final report, an essential constituent of the CP inspection/screening process. If there is an indication of suspect/counterfeit part(s), this effort should be made in consultation with the requester and, when possible, the user. This consultation effort is important if a suspect counterfeit part is discovered. This situation may require additional verification testing or documentation if requested by the Requester or User.
Test Report: The Test Lab Engineer shall generate the Test Report to document how the Test Laboratory followed the Test Plan to implement the request from the requester for counterfeit parts inspection.
Training, Qualification, and Certification: All Personnel performing work affecting product quality shall be competent based on appropriate education, training, skills, and experience.
Data and Report Retention Requirements:Â The Test Laboratory is to observe the following requirements in the recording and retaining of test data and test reports: Recording of data shall conform with the request from the Requester. The Test Laboratory shall retain all test data and test reports supplied to the Requester for a minimum of 10 years, or longer if specified by agreement with the Requester, in a manner to protect against damage from fire, flood, and other environmental hazards.
AS6174 Requirement
Material Authenticity Assurance Plan: The organization must develop and implement a plan ensuring that only authentic and conforming material is procured from legally authorized sources. This plan should outline risk mitigation, disposition, and reporting processes in the event of encountering counterfeit material in the supply chains.
Authentic and Conforming Material Availability: Material authenticity assurance processes should maximize the availability of authentic and conforming material, originally designed and qualified, throughout the product’s life cycle, including managing material obsolescence.
Purchasing: Procurement/purchasing processes must assess potential sources of supply to determine their likelihood of delivering authentic and conforming material. Assessment actions may include surveys, audits, product alert reviews, and supplier quality data reviews to evaluate past performance.
Purchasing Information: Documented processes should specify contract/purchase order quality requirements to increase the likelihood of receiving authentic and conforming material.
Verification of Purchased Product: Processes must ensure the detection of any counterfeit material before formal product acceptance. The verification process rigor should align with the product risk, determined by the material’s criticality and the assessed likelihood of receiving counterfeit material.
In-Process Investigation: Processes should address detecting, verifying, and controlling any suspect counterfeit material in process (post-acceptance) and in service.
Material Control: Processes must specify methods for manufacturers to control excess and nonconforming material to prevent its fraudulent entry into the supply chain. Manufacturers/suppliers and their approved supply chain partners should implement an effective returns process, segregating and assessing returned items until validated as authentic and unused.
Reporting: Processes must ensure that all occurrences of counterfeit material are reported to internal organizations, customers, government reporting bodies, industry-supported reporting programs, and criminal investigative authorities as appropriate.
Rationale:
This standard was initially developed due to a noticeable rise in the influx of fraudulent/counterfeit electronic parts into the aerospace supply chain. These parts posed significant performance, reliability, and safety risks. Over time, the scope of this document has expanded to encompass fraudulent/counterfeit risk mitigation across various sectors within the electronic supply chain on a global scale. It aims to establish consistent requirements, practices, and methods to mitigate the risks of receiving and utilizing fraudulent/counterfeit electronic parts.
Meeting consumer demands in the electronics industry requires producing safe and reliable products that meet or exceed customer and regulatory authority requirements. However, the globalization of the aerospace industry has introduced many regional and national requirements, complicating this objective. End-product organizations encounter challenges in ensuring the quality and integration of products sourced from suppliers worldwide and at various levels within the supply chain. Aerospace suppliers and processors are similarly challenged with meeting multiple customers’ diverse quality expectations and requirements.
Purpose:
This SAE Aerospace Standard aims to standardize practices to achieve the following objectives:
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